How do economic sanctions affect the long-term growth prospects of targeted countries?

I am interested in understanding the economic implications of sanctions imposed on countries, particularly regarding their long-term growth prospects. While sanctions are often intended to pressure governments into changing policies or behaviors, I am curious about the broader economic effects on the civilian population and the country's overall development. How do sanctions impact investment, trade relationships, and domestic industries? Additionally, do sanctions lead to changes in economic structures that could either hinder or promote future growth? Are there empirical studies or historical examples that illustrate these dynamics? I would love to hear insights grounded in economic theory or research on this topic.