Per the article, the following are the ones which work:
> * Carbon pricing and taxation (8 policies): Carbon taxes across sectors, emissions trading schemes, congestion charges and fossil fuel excise taxes all show robust effects, even when controlling for all other policies. This counters the claim that carbon pricing only seems effective because it’s usually accompanied by complementary measures.
>
> * Energy efficiency and standards (5 policies): Building energy codes, air emission standards, minimum energy performance standards and motorway speed limits consistently reduce emissions.
>
> * Renewable energy and research (11 policies): R&D expenditure on carbon capture, nuclear, hydrogen, energy efficiency and renewables, and planning for renewable expansion and auction schemes all reliably drive emission reductions.
>
> * Reporting and accountability (3 policies): Greenhouse gas emissions reporting requirements across sectors show significant effects.
>
> * Subsidy reduction (1 policy): Eliminating fossil fuel subsidies in transport reduces emissions.
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The paper is [here](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14693062.2025.2598684)
Per the article, the following are the ones which work:
> * Carbon pricing and taxation (8 policies): Carbon taxes across sectors, emissions trading schemes, congestion charges and fossil fuel excise taxes all show robust effects, even when controlling for all other policies. This counters the claim that carbon pricing only seems effective because it’s usually accompanied by complementary measures.
>
> * Energy efficiency and standards (5 policies): Building energy codes, air emission standards, minimum energy performance standards and motorway speed limits consistently reduce emissions.
>
> * Renewable energy and research (11 policies): R&D expenditure on carbon capture, nuclear, hydrogen, energy efficiency and renewables, and planning for renewable expansion and auction schemes all reliably drive emission reductions.
>
> * Reporting and accountability (3 policies): Greenhouse gas emissions reporting requirements across sectors show significant effects.
>
> * Subsidy reduction (1 policy): Eliminating fossil fuel subsidies in transport reduces emissions.