What are the externalities of caretaking and breadwinning in a two-adult household?

Setting aside direct private costs to each person, what are the main positive or negative externalities each role creates for the partner, for any children, and for the broader economy/society?

For example, does specializing in unpaid care create measurable spillovers in child outcomes or future human capital? Does specializing in paid work create risks/costs that are shifted onto the caregiving partner over time?