Suez: How America Brought Britain to Its Knees… And Destroyed Its Empire

    Why did the Suez Crisis break out in 1956? Who were Anthony Eden, the British Prime Minister at the heart of the scandal, and Gamal Abdel Nasser, the Egyptian President? And, would the crisis be the death knell to the British Empire?

    Join Dominic and Tom as they begin their journey into one of the greatest international scandals of all time, in the dying days of the British Empire.

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    0:00 The Suez Crisis
    0:29 Revolut
    1:47 The Rise of Anthony Eden
    12:10 The Decline of the British Empire
    15:09 Why the Suez Canal Mattered
    21:50 The Rise of Gamal Abdel Nasser
    30:03 Eden Turns Against Nasser
    36:14 The Aswan Dam Dispute
    39:02 Wild Horse Nine
    40:11 Nasser Nationalises the Suez Canal
    47:21 Why Britain Chose War
    56:07 France, America and the Crisis
    1:05:34 Britain Plans an Invasion
    1:11:15 The Secret French-Israeli Plan
    1:22:02 The Conspiracy at Sèvres
    1:32:32 Israel Invades Egypt
    1:38:01 Britain and France Attack
    1:46:15 Eisenhower’s Furious Reaction
    1:55:36 The Invasion of Port Said
    1:59:50 How America Forced a Ceasefire
    2:04:35 Anthony Eden’s Downfall
    2:16:34 The Winners and Losers of Suez
    2:18:50 Did Suez Really End the British Empire?
    2:22:24 The Special Relationship After Suez

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    29 Comments

    1. This is clearly this vid is in response to the BBC series on British Forgotten Wars with Tony Robinson. I wouldn't be surprised if Dommic and Tom will invite Tony to join them for a vid or two.
      I believe some of the blame for the Suez Crisis has to be lay at the door of the USA government. Time after time the US government missread the situations since 1946. Even with the change in presidents, the State Department along with the CIA continues to come up with these hairball operations and think with arrogance that our allies are a bunch of schoolboys to be bullied about by the American cousin.

      The USA set a very bad example of how to solve international problems. Sure the Marshall Plan was an excellent solution, use all that money USA manufactories made in supplying Allied forces by rebuilding Europe and Asia, but at the same time, the USA planted the seeds of chaos that we are still reaping.

    2. @14:23 "The British Empire was always a drag on the British economy"

      What a complete nonsense. The Empire made a tremendous amount of money for the British ruling class and, in its latter stages, was used to fund the establishment of the welfare state.

      You're confusing the fact that those who benefited from the Empire the most (the ruling class) did not always reinvest their loot back into the British economy, especially in the later period, but instead invested the money abroad where greater returns were to be made.

    3. The assertion that the 1956 Suez Crisis was the moment America "brought Britain to its knees and destroyed its empire" is historically fair in its description of the financial mechanics, but overly dramatic regarding the "destruction" of the empire.
      Historically, the assertion holds true regarding the financial warfare deployed by the United States. However, mainstream historians view the Suez Crisis not as the cause of the British Empire's destruction, but rather as the definitive, public exposure of its existing post-WWII decline.
      An analysis of why this assertion is accurate in its details—but nuanced in its grand conclusion—reveals several key trade-offs and perspectives:

      ⚖ Where the Assertion is Fair: Financial Submission

      The assertion accurately captures the brutal economic leverage the U.S. used to force a British retreat:
      • The Attack on Sterling: When Britain, France, and Israel secretly invaded Egypt to reclaim the nationalized Suez Canal, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower felt politically betrayed. To halt the invasion without firing a shot, the U.S. threatened to aggressively dump its holdings of British pound sterling bonds, which would have triggered a total collapse of the currency.
      • The IMF Blockade: As Britain's gold and dollar reserves plummeted below the critical $2 billion floor, Chancellor of the Exchequer Harold Macmillan sought an emergency rescue loan. The U.S. explicitly ordered the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to block any financial assistance to London until British troops agreed to an unconditional withdrawal.
      • The Oil Embargo: Egypt blocked the canal by sinking ships, cutting off Britain’s oil lifeline. Eisenhower refused to allow U.S. oil companies to fill the supply gap, leaving the British public facing imminent energy rationing unless the government capitulated. Faced with total financial ruin, Prime Minister Anthony Eden was forced into a humiliating retreat.

      🔍 Where the Assertion Overreaches: The "Destruction" of Empire

      The claim that America destroyed the empire misinterprets a process that was already well underway:
      • The Pre-Existing Decline: World War II had already effectively bankrupted Britain. It emerged from the war as the world's largest debtor nation, having liquidated its massive overseas investments to fight Germany.
      • Decolonization Was Already Happening: The crown jewel of the empire, India, had already achieved independence in 1947—nearly a decade before Suez. The economic and political momentum toward decolonization was already structural and unstoppable.
      • A "Revelation" Rather than a "Destruction": As Eden himself later reflected, the Suez experience did not change Britain's fortunes so much as it "revealed our realities." It proved to the world that Britain was no longer a first-rate superpower and could no longer wage independent military campaigns without explicit American consent.

    4. All the bungling into cars sounds hilarious. Making foreign policy on amphetamines, Demerol and Barbiturates is not advisable. Especially using techniques and a mind set designed for the previous war.

    5. what vexes me about suez is how nobody asks the most pertinent question of them all: why was america capable of bringing britain to its knees by economic means, for what the americans did could not be done to, say, france or germany.
      the answer: because our economy was dung: costly, inefficient, run to favour lethargic unions and unimaginative bosses.
      every sensible analyst of american foreign policy i've read believes that america's reaction was a mistake.

      the empire collapsed because our electoral choices emptied the nation of the money and will to uphold those parts of the empire (the middle east) worth owning.

    6. The Suez embargo is generally credited with the "mini car" boom (such "legends" as the BMW Isetta) and down the line was the imputes for designing the Mini. The "Bubble Cars" of that era didn't last long and most people now would ever have seen them in museums.

    7. My favorite quotes from British politicians about John Foster Dulles: 1) I can't remember who it was (maybe Selwyn Lloyd), but someone called him a bull who brought his own china shop; 2) Pretty sure it was Macmillan who said that Dulles spoke slowly, and his brain kept pace.

    8. America didn't really have to do anything. The British PMs own party didn't support him. It was really just a bad move all around. The US can't support something it knows nothing about in advance.

    9. Title should have been: “How the USA betrayed its NATO allies and supported a Soviet client”. Definite echoes of their betrayal of the Nationalist Chinese and support of the Communists at the end of WW2.

    10. In the end Egypt went over to the Russians anyway. No one gave them credit for throwing its allies under the bus.
      The only lever the Americans had and still do , is their ability to restrain Israel

    11. Great show guys but you might want to research Robert Menzies's voice and demeanour more accurately. Stereotype Australians as you may wish, but here it comes across as amateurish.

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