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A wind farm is a group of wind turbines that convert wind energy into electricity. World Premiere: 11 Enercon wind turbines of 7.5 MW wind E126 Estinnes, Belgium, October 10, 2010. Wind farm at sea in Copenhagen. Wind farms can be located on land or at sea, the former being the most common, although the parks offshore have experienced significant growth in Europe in recent years.
The number of wind turbines that make up a park is very variable, and depends primarily on the available surface and the characteristics of the wind at the site. Before mounting a wind farm wind in the chosen location is studied for a time which is usually more than one year. For this install vanes and anemometers. With the collected data one can trace compass indicating the prevailing wind direction and speed.
Wind farms provide different amounts of energy depending on the differences on design, location of the turbines, and the fact that the old turbine designs were less efficient and able to adapt to changes in wind direction and speed. Although the environmental impact of wind farms is relatively small compared with other forms of generation, wind turbines produce noise and visual pollution. It also is believed to be important impact on wildlife and birds are not able to see the blades when they rotate.
But the biggest drawbacks of this energy source are that: is intermittent and may not always obtained the desired power; can not be stored as wind energy, which increases the cost; is dispersed and large areas are needed. However the land used for parks can be exploited for agriculture, recreation areas. Also begins to have problems of position: there is less energy out of the wind turbine (and more turbulence) than in front of it. In wind farms, wind turbines are usually spaced between 150 and 300 meters from each other or with other obstacles. Avoid interference between turbines require large areas to install the parks and we can consider that in each region there is a maximum extractable power.
The development of wind farms in Europe has very good public acceptance. The policy followed by European governmental institutions support the development of renewable energy. The government of the United Kingdom, for example, aims that 10% of domestic energy consumed is generated by renewable energy sources in 2010.
In addition, Germany has the highest number of wind farms in the world and the largest wind turbine built on the sea, and in Scotland construction will take Whitelee Wind Farm Park, the second in Europe, with 140 turbines of 2.3 MW each, for a total installed capacity of 322 MW. Currently the largest wind farm in Europe is the wind Andévalo Complex in Huelva with 383.8 megawatts of installed capacity.
Some wind farms, only one type of system is used, but there are also wind farms in which several types of equipment from different manufacturers are used. By using wind turbines with hub heights varying the distance between the wind turbines can be increased at the same spatial extent of the wind farm, which reduces the mutual influence.
From the perspective of investors, it is an advantage that planning can be done from a single source: There is no need for any system An individual licensing procedures are performed. On the other hand, a more sophisticated method is required for the design of wind farms.
In order to minimize mutual interference that must rotors are arranged at a certain minimum distance from each other. This is mainly dependent on the system size and the prevailing wind direction. As a rule of thumb for wind farms on the coast was previously in the main wind direction five times, in addition to wind direction three times the rotor diameter as the minimum distance.
All wind turbines of a wind farm appear as a single power plant for electricity network operators (utilities); thus simplified and cheapened example, the feed bill for the operator of the wind farm. The control of a wind farm will be central to the entire wind farm. Each system also has also its own control. As a grown Wind Park sometimes from different types of wind turbines composed that make different demands on wind speed, it can happen that individual wind turbines are shut down due to the wind conditions.
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